Conditions
64 medical conditions and symptoms in our catalog
All Conditions
Piles (Haemorrhoids)
Piles are swollen blood vessels in and around the anus and lower rectum. Internal piles sit inside the rectum and are graded 1–4 by how far they prolapse; external piles form under the skin around the anus.
Anal Fissure
An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal. It causes sharp pain during and after passing stool, and the pain can make the anal muscle spasm, which keeps the tear from healing.
Anal Fistula
An anal fistula is a small tunnel between the inside of the anal canal and the skin near the anus, usually left behind after an anal abscess. It rarely heals on its own.
Pilonidal Sinus
A pilonidal sinus is a small tract or cyst in the skin at the top of the buttock crease, often containing hair. It can become infected and form a painful abscess.
Rectal Prolapse
Rectal prolapse is when part of the rectum slides out through the anus. It is more common in older adults, particularly women, and usually needs surgery.
Perianal Abscess
A perianal abscess is a collection of pus near the anus, usually caused by an infected anal gland. It needs drainage and can lead to a fistula.
Faecal Incontinence
Faecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements, ranging from occasional leakage to complete loss of control. It is more common than many people realise and often improves with treatment.
Anal Ulcer
An anal ulcer is an open sore in the anal canal. Many are chronic fissures, but ulcers can also be caused by infections, inflammatory bowel disease or, rarely, cancer — so persistent ones should be examined.
Anal Skin Tags
Anal skin tags are small, harmless flaps of skin around the anus, often left behind after a healed external pile or fissure.
Chronic Constipation
Chronic constipation is infrequent or difficult bowel movements lasting several weeks or more. It is a major contributor to piles and fissures and is usually managed without surgery.
Inguinal Hernia
An inguinal hernia is a bulge in the groin where tissue pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall. It is far more common in men and does not heal without surgery.
Umbilical Hernia
An umbilical hernia is a bulge at or near the belly button where tissue pushes through the abdominal wall.
Incisional Hernia
An incisional hernia develops through the scar of a previous abdominal operation.
Gallstones
Gallstones are hard deposits that form in the gallbladder. Many cause no symptoms, but stones can cause attacks of pain, inflammation of the gallbladder or pancreatitis.
Appendicitis
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. It is a surgical emergency because an inflamed appendix can burst.
Lipoma
A lipoma is a soft, slow-growing, non-cancerous lump of fatty tissue under the skin.
Sebaceous Cyst
A sebaceous (epidermoid) cyst is a small lump under the skin filled with keratin. It can become infected and inflamed.
Thyroid Nodule & Goitre
A thyroid nodule is a lump in the thyroid gland; a goitre is an enlarged thyroid. Most nodules are benign, but some need removal because of size, symptoms or suspicion of cancer.
Kidney Stones
Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidney and can travel down the ureter, causing severe pain.
Enlarged Prostate (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly affects men as they age, narrowing the urinary passage.
Phimosis
Phimosis is a tight foreskin that can't be pulled back over the head of the penis. It is normal in young boys but can cause problems in older children and adults.
Hydrocele
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid around a testicle, causing painless swelling of the scrotum.
Varicocele
A varicocele is an enlargement of the veins in the scrotum, similar to varicose veins. It can cause aching and is a common treatable cause of male infertility.
Urethral Stricture
A urethral stricture is a narrowing of the urethra due to scar tissue, which slows urine flow.
Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths of the muscle of the uterus. They are very common and many cause no symptoms.
Ovarian Cyst
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac on or in an ovary. Most are harmless and go away on their own; some need surgery.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it, causing pain and sometimes fertility problems.
PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common hormonal condition that affects ovulation, periods, skin, hair and metabolism. It is managed mainly with lifestyle changes and medication.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Abnormal uterine bleeding means periods that are unusually heavy, long, frequent or irregular, or bleeding between periods or after menopause.
Knee Arthritis
Knee osteoarthritis is wear of the cartilage that cushions the knee joint, causing pain, stiffness and reduced movement.
Hip Arthritis
Hip arthritis, including avascular necrosis of the hip, damages the hip joint and causes groin pain and limping.
ACL Tear
The anterior cruciate ligament stabilises the knee. It is commonly torn in sports involving sudden stops and twists.
Meniscus Tear
The menisci are C-shaped cartilage cushions in the knee. Tears can happen with twisting injuries or with wear in older adults.
Rotator Cuff Tear
The rotator cuff is a group of tendons that control the shoulder. Tears cause pain and weakness lifting the arm.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal tunnel syndrome is compression of the median nerve at the wrist, causing numbness and tingling in the hand.
Slipped Disc
A slipped disc happens when the soft centre of a spinal disc pushes out and presses on nearby nerves, causing back or neck pain and pain down the limbs.
Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis is narrowing of the spinal canal that squeezes the nerves, usually in the lower back in older adults.
Sciatica
Sciatica is pain along the sciatic nerve, from the lower back through the buttock and down the leg, usually from a trapped nerve root.
Chronic Sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis is inflammation of the sinuses lasting 12 weeks or more despite treatment.
Deviated Nasal Septum
A deviated septum is when the wall between the nostrils is off-centre, which can block one side of the nose.
Recurrent Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is infection of the tonsils. When it happens repeatedly it can affect school, work and sleep, and surgery may be advised.
Enlarged Adenoids
Adenoids are tissue at the back of the nose. When enlarged in children they can block breathing and cause ear problems.
Ear Drum Perforation
A perforated ear drum is a hole in the thin membrane between the ear canal and middle ear.
Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are soft, painless, non-cancerous growths in the lining of the nose or sinuses.
Severe Hearing Loss
Severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss that isn't helped enough by hearing aids may be treated with a cochlear implant.
Cataract
A cataract is clouding of the eye's natural lens, causing gradually blurred or dim vision. It is treated with a short operation to replace the lens.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, usually linked to raised eye pressure. Early glaucoma often has no symptoms.
Refractive Error
Refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism mean the eye doesn't focus light correctly, and are usually corrected with glasses or contact lenses — or with laser or lens surgery in suitable adults.
Pterygium
A pterygium is a fleshy growth on the white of the eye that can extend onto the cornea.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is damage to the blood vessels of the retina caused by diabetes. It can lead to vision loss if untreated.
Squint (Strabismus)
A squint is misalignment of the eyes, where one eye turns in, out, up or down.
Varicose Veins
Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins, usually in the legs, caused by faulty valves that let blood pool.
Diabetic Foot Ulcer
A diabetic foot ulcer is an open wound on the foot in someone with diabetes, often due to nerve damage and poor circulation. It needs prompt care to avoid serious infection.
Kidney Failure
Kidney failure is when the kidneys can no longer filter the blood adequately, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is enlargement of breast tissue in men. It is common in adolescence and later life and is often harmless.
Severe Obesity
Severe obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, sleep apnoea, joint problems and more. When lifestyle measures haven't worked, bariatric surgery may be an option.
Pattern Hair Loss
Pattern hair loss is gradual thinning with a characteristic pattern — a receding hairline and crown in men, and diffuse thinning in women.
GERD & Hiatal Hernia
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is frequent backflow of stomach acid into the food pipe, often linked with a hiatal hernia.
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India. Found early, it is highly treatable, usually with a combination of surgery and other therapies.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is narrowing of the arteries that supply the heart, which can cause chest pain and heart attacks.
Heart Valve Disease
Heart valve disease is when one or more valves don't open or close properly, straining the heart.
Infertility
Infertility is not conceiving after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse (6 months if the woman is over 35). Causes can involve either or both partners.
Undescended Testis
An undescended testis is one that hasn't moved down into the scrotum by birth. If it hasn't descended by about 6 months, surgery is advised.
Impacted Wisdom Tooth
An impacted wisdom tooth doesn't have room to come through normally and can cause pain, infection or damage to neighbouring teeth.